The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and Its Heritage Book by Arthur Koestler (Farsi)

Description

The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and Its Heritage by Arthur Koestler is a provocative historical inquiry that challenges the ideological foundations of a major territorial and political claim. Through historical sources, genealogical research, and early genetic discussion, Koestler questions the assumed continuity between modern Zionism and ancient Israelite ancestry. He leads readers to the medieval regions north of the Caspian Sea, where the Khazar Empire emerged as a powerful state between the Islamic Caliphate and the Byzantine Empire. Koestler argues that the Khazars, a Turkic people, adopted Judaism in the eighth century for political independence, and that following the empire’s collapse, their descendants migrated into Eastern Europe. By separating historical evidence from national myth, the book offers a controversial reinterpretation of Jewish origins that has sparked lasting academic and political debate.