Hikmat al-Ishraq Book Vol. 11 by Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi (Farsi)

Islamic theology and spirituality encompass a vast and profound intellectual tradition that explores the nature of God, the principles of faith, and the spiritual journey of human beings. Rooted in the Qur’an and Hadith, Islamic theology (Ilm al-Kalam) delves into discussions on Tawhid (the oneness of God), divine justice, prophecy, and the afterlife. Scholars such as Muhammad Husayn Tabataba’i, Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, and Al-Shaykh al-Saduq have contributed to the interpretation of Islamic teachings through their extensive works in Tafsir (exegesis) and Hadith literature. These texts not only provide explanations of religious doctrines but also serve as guides for ethical and spiritual development, helping believers strengthen their faith and understanding of Islam. Spirituality in Islam, often associated with Sufism and inner purification, emphasizes the journey toward closeness to God (taqwa) through self-discipline, contemplation, and devotion. Mystical traditions highlight the importance of love, knowledge, and the purification of the soul to attain divine proximity. Works like Ganj Haye Manavi by Reza Jahed and A Glossary of Sufi Technical Terms by Abdul Razzaq Kashani explore the deep spiritual meanings within Islamic thought. Through theological discourse and spiritual practice, Islamic theology and mysticism provide believers with a structured yet deeply personal path to understanding the divine, fostering both intellectual and emotional connections with their faith.